Two Views of a Crime

Whether or not fault Is Justifiable Is concluded by opposing sides of a situation, with the conclusions consistently differing on multiple accounts. In William Shakespearean Hamlet two men, both alike in livelihood, though divergent in dignity, give speeches of persuasion regarding the same situation.Claudia, through means of vain diction and a tone of false self-contempt, demonstrates his justifiability of the fault committed unto Hamlet, who exposes Claudia as an â€Å"adulterate beast† with word choice of animosity and speaks with an attitude of nothing shy of a desire for titillation to annihilate any permissible defense of Classis's doing. The entire situation, coated with a thick layer of irony, entails a sinful man asking for redemption as well as a sinful man begging for justice. In the beginning of both speeches, the men identify Claudia as the initiator of the entirety of the situation.Hamlet, speaking to his son, distinguishes an â€Å"incestuous† and a †Å"traitorous† character. Although it has yet to be made clear that this character of â€Å"wicked wit† Is Claudia, It Is discernible that whatever character he speaks of Is Hough of as vile and disloyal to Hamlet. When Hamlet mentions his â€Å"seeming virtuous queen,† it is inevitable to recognize the â€Å"wretch† who holds the blame for his loss is none other than Claudia. While Hamlet illustrates the initiator as â€Å"lewd† and â€Å"garbage,† Claudia thinks of himself as one of â€Å"strong intent† and connects himself to Cain, the man known as the first murderer.This allusion instantly identifies Claudia as Hamlet's murderer understanding that Cain killed his brother for supposedly being God's favorite. In the case between Hamlet and Claudia, Hamlet Is inning while partaking in the Joys of Queen Gertrude. Hamlet has the â€Å"favored† and Claudia eliminates him from the picture for that reason. Both passages continue, Jou rneying along alternate paths. While Hamlet describes the scene of Classis's fault, Claudia demonstrates narcissism. The â€Å"vile and loathsome† death Hamlet suffered proves as nothing of importance to Claudia who approaches the situation with the conclusion that his â€Å"fault Is past. The dreadful scene Illustrated through Hamlets â€Å"cursed† memory serves as sensible reason for his IEEE that Claudia should have revenge sought about him, forced to pay for Hamlet's condemnation to Purgatory and compelled to pay for his disloyalty. Claudia, however, expresses few signs of guilt. He attempts to grieve, asking the heavens to cleanse his fault â€Å"white as snow. † Nevertheless, he understands that he may never beg â€Å"Forgive me my foul murder† while remaining In possession of â€Å"(his) crown, (his) own ambition, and (his) queen. With this conclusion presented, It Is evident through â€Å"his true nature† that there exists no â€Å"Incli nation† to rid himself of his â€Å"wicked rice(s). † The irony of the situation is presented in that Claudia, in search of redemption, finds redemption just beyond the life he now enjoys, but instead resolves to keep in winnings. While in Hamlet's speech, however, revenge is sought upon Claudia. If success is fulfilled on Hamlet's part, Claudia will not only be rid of his new possessions but also of his insignificant chance of forgiveness. Hamlet's speech concludes as his life has- â€Å"dispatched. Hamlet sends his son with resolves to â€Å"try what repentance can,† though he comprehends that little may come of it. In this comprehension, he explains that as his â€Å"words fly up, (his) thoughts remain below,† symbolizing the falsity of his guilt and his fake desire for redemption. From the standpoint of irony, Just as Hamlet possessed the inability to beg for forgiveness, Claudia will not experience redemption. He will meet the heavens â€Å"with all (his) imperfections on (his) head† Just as Hamlet was forced to experience due to Classis's hand. The Justifiability of Classis's fault lies in two opposing pairs of hands.While Hamlet, through diction of identifiable loathing, believes his brother deserves enmeshment for his doing, a sensible conclusion, Claudia concerns himself with his current well-being. Through language of self-love, Claudia displays fake guilt and knowingly fails to receive forgiveness. As Claudia leaves his need for salvation to the heavens, Hamlet leaves his burning desire for revenge to his son. The Justifiability of fault will continue to remain unknown due to inconvenience that only those associated with the situation may provide the conclusion, and unfortunately those in association will consistently be in opposition.

Oberoi Group of Hotels

OBEROI GROUP Understanding Strategy and Design of the Organization An â€Å"Organizational Dynamics† Project by – Group 5 (Section G) Parth Krishnan Mannadiar (12HR-018) Priyanshi Kejriwal (12DM-104) Atharv Tilak (12DM-042) Ritu Kapse (12HR-024) Siddharth Venkataraman (12DM-143) Lov Loothra (12FN-068) Puneeth C (12IB-062) Table of Contents Sr. No. | Heading| Page No. | 1. | Introduction| 3| 2. | Growth and Strategy| 3 – 4| 3. | Structure| 4| 4. | Culture| 5| 5. | The People| 5| 6. | Technology| 6| 7. | Size and Organization Life-Cycle| 6 – 7| 8. | Complexity-Stability Model| 7| . | Conclusion| 7-8| 10. | Exhibits| 9-12| 11. | References| 13| Introduction The  Oberoi Group, founded in 1934, employs about 13000 people worldwide and owns and manages about thirty hotels and five luxury cruisers as of 2012. The company was incorporated in the year 1949 by Rai Bahadur M. S. Oberoi to run â€Å"Oberoi Group of hotels†. The group of companies, affiliated through common ownership interest, has to offer first class luxury hotels, airline catering, airport bars and restaurants, corporate air charters, travel consultancy, limousine services and project management.With hotels being spread out in Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai etc. , we can see it covers almost the entire span of the country. It also has properties abroad in places such as Cairo and Aswan in Egypt; Bali and Lombok in Indonesia; Mauritius; Medina in Saudi Arabia and a new property coming up in Dubai in UAE. EIH, the flagship company of The Oberoi Group is generally preferred by business travellers because of its consistent and high quality service across different locations. Exhibit 1 displays some reviews posted by customers who have had the pleasure of staying at an Oberoi hotel.As can be seen from their reviews, the main highlights of their stay were the ambience/facilities and highly motivated and well trained staff who provide exceptionally attentive, personalised a nd warm service. Such a holistic experience can be achieved by an organization through consistent efforts. Thus the purpose of this report is to understand these efforts which Oberoi has synergized and use it to study effective organization strategy and culture. Growth and Strategy â€Å"Rai Bahadur Mohan Singh Oberoi was born on 15th August, 1898 in erstwhile undivided Punjab, which is now in Pakistan.He was only six months old when his father died. Success and fortune did not, therefore, come easily to him. Initiative, resourcefulness and hard work, combined with the capability to face and overcome the most overwhelming odds can best characterise this phenomenal entrepreneur. † The above words about the founder, speak of the qualities he employed to make the Oberoi group reach the pinnacle it is at. When M S Oberoi first reached Shimla, he took up work as the desk clerk at the Cecil hotel. Today, the hotel is owned by the Oberoi Group and is called The Oberoi Cecil.The then manager of the hotel was happy with the work put in by Mohan Singh and asked him to assist him running another hotel he acquired, Clarkes hotel. With this first-hand experience of operating a hotel, Mohan Singh set out on his entrepreneurial venture. In 1934, he acquired two hotels, The Clarkes Hotel in Shimla and Delhi by mortgaging his wife’s jewellery and all his assets. The Company was incorporated as a public limited company in India on 26 May 1949 and its initial business activity was as the lessee and operator of The Oberoi Palace Hotel in Srinagar, Kashmir.It was in 1965 that they built their first hotel, The Oberoi Intercontinental, now The Oberoi, New Delhi. It offered facilities that no other hotel in the country could match and was India's first luxury hotel. In 1966, The Oberoi School of Hotel Management later renamed the Oberoi Centre for Learning and Development was formed. It provided high Quality professional training in hospitality management. The complete list of events that shaped Oberoi’s growth is given in Exhibit 2. Mr Oberoi was the first Indian to work in association with international chains to woo international travellers to India.This caused a large number of international travellers to offer their patronage. The foreign occupancy rose to a healthy level of 85%. Mr M S Oberoi had great vision and imagination. He converted dilapidated palaces and buildings into magnificent hotels. Some of these are the Windsor in Australia, Mena House Oberoi in Cairo and Oberoi Grand in Kolkata. The Oberoi Cecil in Shimla, built in the early 20th century, reopened in April 1997 after extensive and meticulous renovation. Strategy: Thus the Oberoi Group’s strategy under Mr M S Oberoi’s leadership was quite clear.Since the start, they have focused on expansion of their operations by catering to newer markets. The decision to offer world class hotels to International travellers was the mind of an ambitious businessman looking to expand his offering. Also multi location presence helped reduce concentration risk. It is this for this international image that foreign properties were acquired and assimilated into the luxury and top quality services from Oberoi. The search for newer markets was responsible for introducing its second brand of hotels, ‘Trident’. Trident hotels are five-star hotels that have stablished a reputation for providing the best in excellence bundled with an affordable price tag. Thus catering to the middle income segment and corporate clientele was the strategy. With this new brand, spread across nine locations in India, Oberoi now had a major share of the hotel industry. Exhibit 2 also mentions the strategic partnership with Hilton for the international marketing and handling of reservations of the â€Å"Trident† hotels. The hotels, as part of this partnership, were to be re-branded â€Å"Trident Hilton†. However with Hilton trying to establish its own Garde n Inn hotels in direct competition with Trident caused Oberoi concern.Thus it abandoned the arrangement with Hilton and re-marketed its hotels under the name Trident itself. The Oberoi Group, along with its subsidiaries and other brands, stands as one of the most decorated hotel chains in the world with many of its group hotels bagging various awards and accolades from Travel+Leisure,  Conde Nast Traveler,  Forbes  and  Galileo. While the business strategy and outright aggression in expansion has been a key to this success, it needs to have been supported internally though a resilient culture and committed human capital.Let us now try to uncover some key aspects of The Oberoi Group’s culture and workforce. Structure As facilities grow in size, hotel or lodging managers find the need to group certain jobs in order to ensure effective coordination and operational control. While departments may be grouped as front of the house (having guest contact) and back of the house (employees with no guest contact), Oberoi follows the practice of separating departments by function. Exhibit 4 shows the structure of a typical full service Oberoi hotel.Even though such a structure is normally followed by a hotel with size over 500 rooms, the sheer size of some of the Oberoi properties require such an elaborate structure. The divisional structure followed by Oberoi is in line with its culture and its objectives. The functional division promotes specialization. This specialization in turn increases worker productivity and efficiency. Culture The core values of The Oberoi Group are articulated through their dharma, which was developed by their own employees. Their dharma articulates their commitment to display core values through their action and behaviour.Elements of the dharma include Conduct of the highest ethical standards; a Focus on teamwork and mutual trust; Maintaining excellence in guest service; Protecting the safety, security, health and environment of g uests and each other. The Dharma has more aspects as well which together apply to all aspects of the group’s business (Exhibit 3). The employee is expected to make all decisions and all interactions based on the Company Dharma. By placing robust mechanisms and communicating specific conduct expected from each employee, the company has made it possible to put this Dharma into action.Oberoi does not believe it is in the business of hotels, instead it claims to be in the business of memories. The company empowers its employees to believe – â€Å"I don’t just work here. This is my hotel. † The Power of 1500 – Any employee in the hotel can offer anything at a cost value of INR 1500 without seeking prior approval, any number of times, to any number of guests – no questions asked. The objective is to create guest delight. Guests who have received the power of 1500 have been happy with the service they received.The real power of this program is that because of the freedom employees have, guest get an incentive to spend more, they come back and share their positive experience by word of mouth. This directly affects the company’s bottom line. It’s these small ideological differences which make a difference in sustaining the culture over time and across borders. The People The Oberoi Group takes pride in having the best service professionals in the industry. Throughout the year, the organization stimulates and rewards exceptional performance that best exemplifies outstanding service.Some of these awards are i) Outstanding Performance Award, ii) Employee in Spotlight, iii) Peer Recognition Program, iv) Star of The Month etc. Oberoi has employees who continue to celebrate a long tenure with the organisation, in some cases over 30 years. Many of their employees have completed their certification from the Oberoi Centre for Learning and Development (OCLD) and have built successful careers up to the general manager level and in some cases senior executive positions with the corporate office. In mid-management positions, their average tenure is around six years.As the war for talent continues across many industries, their retention strategy encompasses a variety of different elements. They undertake regular employee opinion surveys to understand employees’ needs. Their surveys reveal that while compensation remains an important component for people, they are increasingly focused on clear career plans, access to â€Å"best in class† learning and building a work-life balance. By catering to these requirements, they have been successful in providing the best experience to their customers through a committed and engaged workforce. TechnologyIn the hospitality sector, ensuring the comfort of your guests is paramount. However, in today’s increasingly demanding consumer marketplace, meeting that need could be a real challenge. This is especially true for Oberoi Hotels, a luxury group of hotels favoured by government officials and business travellers. Not only does the hotel have to cater for well-heeled makers who want to make use of features such as interactive TV, IPTV and wireless networking, it also has to meet the stringent security requirements of business users who want to be sure that whatever data they access during their stay will remain secure.In addition to this, it has to ensure that its fire safety, car parking and networking facilities meet the demanding safety standards required by government officials and high-profile business people. In response the hotel installed a highly available and highly secure network that would enable it to deliver the security and functionality required by its guests. In terms of fulfilling the networking demands of the business itself, the solution provides a solid, reliable platform for running all the hotel’s crucial applications – including reservations, billing, internal accounting, and digital signag e.Size and Organization Life-Cycle Size: For the Financial Year ended on 31st March, 2012, the Company’s Total Revenue was Rs 1147. 33 crores. The company posted a net profit after tax of Rs 122. 42 crores against Rs 64. 54 crores during the previous year, which is a 89. 68% growth or Rs 57. 88 Crores over YTD March 2011. It is one of Asia’s leading hospitality companies. Even though the company has multinational presence, there is a lot of decentralization in decision making at the lowest rung. As mentioned above, policies such as â€Å"power of 1500† enable employees to exercise a fair amount of decision.This is on account of being in a business centred on customer satisfaction. This amount of leeway translates to good customer experience directly increasing repeat business and word of mouth publicity. The formalization is well set. A company operating on the scales of Oberoi needs to have well-structured and standardized operations. Though the overall themes and products may differ the rules and procedures are well defined for each employ to enable him to work in synergy with the Oberoi Dharma. Life Cycle: In the entrepreneurial stage, Mr Oberoi didn’t have to devote a lot of time to develop a product or service.His experience in managing the operations of Clarkes Hotel already gave him enough knowhow on the business of running a hotel. Thus he could provide the strong leadership that was required to propel the company. In the collectivity stage, again it was Mr Oberoi’s well guided leadership which kept the sails flying high. They were focussed on expansion, but took enough time to mobilise resources. There was enough gap between 1934 when he acquired the first hotel and when the company got incorporated in 1949.Again there was almost a 15 year gab before which Oberoi group set up their own hotel. These timelines gave enough time for the newly formed workforce to grow along with the values of the founder and the organizat ion. This also helped in the formalization to the elaboration stage. The rules and procedures which did get established were in line with the culture of the organization. This meant that the different properties established across the country or acquired world over, could inculcate the same culture all over without there being too much red tape.Decisions such as setting up their own printing press to maintain high standards all over in stationery are an example of how strict procedures or standards were maintained while not causing problems within the internal management. The management in different hotels did not need to coordinate now with each other for procuring same quality of stationery. Presently the Oberoi group is in the elaboration stage, with different subsidiaries handling their different businesses. They are structured similarly and with varying controlling interests, Oberoi now is in a stable position in its sector.Its plans involve expansion and other ventures and par tners to collaborate with. Complexity-Stability Model The patterns and events occurring in the environment can be described along the two major dimensions. These are the Simple-Complex and Stable-Unstable dimensions. Complexity: The Oberoi Group, dealing majorly in hospitality, is subjected to Complex environmental factors since the hospitality industry has many players and has to cope with numerous dynamic governmental regulations, competition for quality employees ; new trends etc.Thus it is affected by numerous diverse external elements. Stability: The Stable-Unstable dimension refers to whether elements in the environment are dynamic. A domain is stable if it remains the same over a period of months or years, whereas under unstable conditions, environmental elements shift abruptly. As mentioned above, there areas number of dynamic factors which affect the hospitality industry. With budget hotels also eating into their share by offering value for money and the economy in recessio n, corporates are taking their patronage to relatively greener pastures.Thus the hospitality industry and Oberoi group face complex, unstable environments. The Competition The major domestic competitors of the Oberoi Group of Hotels are Taj Group, ITC, De-Meligan and Leela Group of Hotels. This presents a tough competition to Oberoi as in the luxury segment, supply exceeds demand in several cities, as per an analysis in EIH Ltd’s annual report. India has often been cited as one of the most lucrative albeit difficult markets to develop properties in with a long development cycle of three-five years, adding to the cost.Apart from the domestic competitors, the Oberoi group faces immediate concerns with major international brands, which are expanding their presence in India. Some of these brands are The IHG group, Wyndham Hotels, Marriott International and Hilton Worldwide. These international hotel chains are not just targeting the luxury and premium segment, but also the upscal e, mid-scale, budget and upper budget segments. Another advantage to these chains is that International travellers are accustomed with these international chains and so it is very difficult for Indian chains to break the associated loyalty.However, to fight competition, Oberoi and its domestic competitors such as The Taj Group are looking to add newer properties, ranging from the budget category to luxury. Exhibit 4 – lists out the existing hotels of International chains and the upcoming ones with their planned dates and categories. It shows how International Hotel chains are gaining ground in India and are bullish on their India expansion plans, giving tough competition to home-grown biggies. Conclusion We have just gone through the organizational design of The Oberoi Group.We have studied its strategy, its culture and people, the competition and business environment it operates in. So what exactly does the organization do right to cater to all these external factors and sti ll come out as one of the leading hospitality companies in Asia and the world? Strategy is one important factor that affects organization design. Oberoi group’s strategy has always been one of expanding markets through targeting different income segments, acquiring new properties and setting up hotels in different countries.This strategy makes a lot of sense if we consider the constantly changing environment of the hospitality industry as discussed in the Complexity-Stability Model. By changing the target segment along with the market trends, the company has been able to keep up its high standards with the customers. Its present size and elaborative stage in its life-cycle also enable it to follow this expansion strategy. Due to the brand value it garners, additional investments will also continue to reap in business despite the competition. Another point to note from the unstable-complex environment of hospitality industry is the structure of the organization.As we have seen above, the structure is highly differentiated and is highly organic. The differentiation is accompanied with high integration as well. The decentralized decision making at the operation level is required to have a participative workforce working towards customer satisfaction. Seasonality, economic upheavals etc. requires a lot of forecasting and the decentralized atmosphere allows the required high speed response. Lastly, the culture of the organization which is centred on the Oberoi â€Å"Dharma† is also in sync with its structure and design. Formalization is high at Oberoi.The rules and procedures are well defined which implies every employee is well aware of his responsibilities. Thus he can exercise his discretion with complete freedom while making decisions. Also this formalized structure allows standardization across its hotels across the world. Thus we can see that the design of the organization fits its workflow in a complementary manner. This has helped Oberoi keep its head above its competition and sustain itself successfully for over 75 years. The strong leadership has guided it with smart focus on targeting segments that offer new opportunities.Thus we can see that Oberoi is a good example of an organization that has used its structure and strategy to forward its business and remain successful. Exhibit 1 Customer Reviews About â€Å"The Oberoi, New Delhi† About â€Å"Mena House Oberoi Hotel, Giza, Egypt† Exhibit 2 Major events in the history of the Company Year| Major Events| 1949| The Company was promoted and incorporated by Rai Bahadur Mohan Singh Oberoi and Oberoi Hotels (India) Limited, in May 1949. | 1956| The equity shares of the Company were first listed on the BSE.Took the Maharaja’s palace in Srinagar, Kashmir on lease and converted it into The Oberoi Palace Hotel. | 1957| Started the flight services business. | 1965| Commenced operations at The Oberoi Hotel, New Delhi. | 1968| By a scheme of merger approved by the Calcutta High Court, The Associated Hotels of India Limited and Hotels (1938) Private Limited merged into the Company. By virtue of the merger, the Company acquired The Oberoi Grand, Kolkata, Maidens Hotel, Delhi, Palm Beach, Gopalpur-on-sea (operation suspended), The Oberoi Cecil, Shimla, The Mount Everest, Darjeeling (operation suspended). 1973| Commenced operations at The Oberoi Towers, Mumbai. | 1974| Established a printing press in Delhi primarily for the Company’s in-house needs. | 1979| Bonus issue of 1,337,745 new equity shares of the Company of Rs. 10 each in the ratio of one new equity shares for every five equity shares held by the shareholders. | 1984| Bonus issue of 4,953,131 new equity shares of the Company of Rs. 10 each in the ratio of two new equity shares for every five equity shares held by the shareholders. 1986| Made a foray into the airport services business by entering into a ten year contract with the International Airport’s Authority to op erate all the snack bars and restaurants at the domestic and international terminals in Mumbai. | 1992| Bonus issue of 4,720,704 new equity shares of the Company of Rs. 10 each in the ratio of one new equity shares for every five equity shares held by the shareholders. | 1994| Listing of GDRs on the London Stock Exchange. | 1996| Change of name of the Company from The East India Hotels Limited to EIH Limited. Bonus issue of 17,464,299 new Equity shares of the Company of Rs. 0 each in the ratio of one new equity shares for every two equity shares held by the shareholders. | 1997| Commenced operations at The Oberoi Rajvilas in Jaipur, our first luxury leisure hotel in India. | 2004| The Company entered into a strategic alliance for international marketing with Hilton International. All the â€Å"Trident† Hotels were re-branded as â€Å"Trident Hilton†, and the Oberoi Towers in Mumbai was re-branded as the Hilton Towers. | 2006| Sub-division of the face value of equity sh ares from Rs. 10 to Equity Shares of Rs. 2. Bonus issue of 130,984,657 new equity shares of the Company of Rs. each in the ratio of one new equity share for every two equity shares held by the Equity Shareholders. The Company acquired a 66. 67% equity stake in Mercury Car Rentals Limited, a joint venture with Avis Europe for car rental business. |   | The printing press established by the Company in 1974 was granted permission by the Indian Banks’ Association to print security stationery for banks. | 2008| The alliance with Hilton International ended and â€Å"Trident Hilton† and the Hilton Towers Hotels were renamed â€Å"Trident† Hotels. Establishment of EIH Flight Services Limited, Mauritius as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.Entered into a joint venture agreement with 26% equity interest in L;T Bangalore Airport Hotel Limited for a hotel project near the Bangalore international airport. Terrorist attack at the Trident, Nariman Point and The Oberoi , Mumbai in November, 2008 resulting in interruption in business and closure of both the hotels. The Trident Mumbai re-opened on 21 December, 2008, after the terrorist attack. | 2009| Entered into a joint venture agreement with 16% equity interest in Golden Jubilee Hotels Limited for the proposed Oberoi and Trident Hotels in Hyderabad. 2010| The Oberoi, Mumbai re-opens after full renovation subsequent to the terrorist attacks in 2008. EIH International Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company completed an acquisition of approximately 46% of the equity interest in its international hotels joint venture company EIH Holdings Ltd. Pursuant to this acquisition, EIH Holdings Ltd is now a wholly owned subsidiary of EIH International Ltd. | Source: Information provided at website of EIH Ltd, a subsidiary of Oberoi Group (http://www. eihltd. com/about_eih/milestones. asp) Exhibit 3 – Dharma: Fundamental code of conductExhibit 4 – Department Structure Exhibit 5 – Int ernational Hotel chains in India GAINING GROUND International hotel chains are bullish on their India expansion plans, giving tough competition to home-grown biggies| Group| Existing hotels| Planned hotels** (in Rs)| By when| Category| Planned new brands| IHG*| 12| 150| 2020| Mid-market| Holiday Inn Express| Wyndham Hotels| 14| 60-70| 2017| Mid-market| Howard Johnson| Marriott International| 18| 80-100| 2015| Across segments| Fairfield, Ritz| Hilton Worldwide| 8| 50-60| 2016| Luxury/ premium| Hilton, Double Tree, Hilton Garden Inn, ; mid-market Hampton,Conrad and Waldorf Astoria| Accor| 13| 90-100| 2015| Luxury, mid-scale and budget| Formula 1, Sofitel and Pullman| Choice Hotels International| 27| 100| 2017-19| Mid-market| Sleep Inn, Cambria Suites, Econo Lodge| Best Western International| 34| 66| 2017| 3/ 4 and 5 star| Best Premier| Starwood Hotels| 33| 50-60| 2015| Across segments| St. Regis, W| Carlson| 46| 100| 2015| Mid-market and premium| Regent| Hyatt Hotels Corporation| 8| 5 0| -| Premium| Hyatt Place, Hyatt House| *InterContinental Hotels Group; ** Estimate Source: Industry and ICRA estimates|References Oberoi Hotels ; Resorts. (2012). [online]. Viewed 2012 October 15. Available: http://www. oberoihotels. com/ The Oberoi Group. (2012). Careers at The Oberoi Group. [online]. Viewed 2012 October 19. Available: http://www. oberoigroup. com/careers/index. htm SHRM India. (28/06/2012). The Oberoi Group of Hotels–Translating Dharma into Best Practices in HR. [online]. Viewed October 22. Availaible: http://www. shrmindia. rg/oberoi-group-hotels%E2%80%93translating-dharma-best-practices-hr P Mullick, 2012, ‘Oberoi Group: Social media increasingly important as recruitment tool’, Hindustan Times, October 18 S Baggonkar, 2012, ‘Taj, Oberoi under pressure from foreign hotel chains’, Business Standard, July 17 M Kaushik, 2010, ‘Guest Star: The Oberoi’, Business Today, September 5 Audited Financial Report for EIH Ltd. fo r the year 2011-12 Oberoi Hotels and Resorts. (2012). [online]. Viewed October 22. Available: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Oberoi_Hotels_%26_Resorts

Equity and Common Law College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Equity and Common Law College - Essay Example The courts of law in medieval times enforced the law of the king. The range of claims that these courts agreed to hear gradually became more restricted and painfully technical, and many deserving plaintiffs were denied a hearing. A plaintiff's alternative was to send a petition directly to the king, asking for mercy and conscience to decide the matter. The king regularly delegated these petitions to his chancellor who was the king's clergy and confessor. Soon the Chancery, the king's secretarial department, began to resemble a judicial body and became known as the "Court of the Chancery." By the 15th century, the judicial power of the "Chancery" was recognized. Equity as a body of rules varied from Chancellor to Chancellor until the end of the 16th century. After the end of the 17th century only lawyers were appointed to the Chancery. Equity acts as a system of decrees forcing an individual to act or forbidding an individual from acting by issuing injunctions or decrees. However in modern times a court will be reluctant to this if another solution namely monetary compensation is available. Thus the most common solution found in court system today is for a litigant to request damages in the form of monetary payment. This is the basic distinction between using equity determinations to administer the law and the law system as it exists today. Another distinction is that in the system of equity the judge is the "trier of fact"2 and a jury is not available. Here the forefathers of the United States took exception to equity courts: they wrote the VII amendment to the Constitution to ensure all citizens have the right to a jury in civil cases. A final distinction between equity and law is the source of rules of rules on which decisions are based. In law, common law is established by judges using previous decisions and p recedents. Statutory law is determined by the legislature and a statute it makes by this governing body for a judge or enforcement agency to mandate and satisfy the will of the legislators. In contrast, equity, which concentrates on fairness and flexibility, has only general guides known as the maxims of equity.A chart showing these traditional maxims has been inserted here: Among the traditional maxims are: 1 Equity regards as done that which ought to be done. 2 Equity will not suffer a wrong to be without a remedy 3 Equity delights in equality 4 One who seeks equity must do equity 5 Equity aids the vigilant, not those who slumber on their rights 6 Equity imputes an intent to fulfill an obligation 7 Equity acts in personam. 8 Equity abhors a forfeiture 9 Equity does not require an idle gesture 10 One who comes into equity must come with clean hands 11 Equity delights to do justice and not by halves 12 Equity will take jurisdiction to avoid a multiplicity of suits 13 Equity follows the law 14 Equity will not aid a volunteer 15 Between equal equities the law will prevail 16 Between equal equities the first in order of time shall prevail 17 Equity will not complete an imperfect gift 18 Equity will not allow a statute to be used as a cloak for fraud 19 Equity will not allow a trust to fail for want of a trustee Richard Edwards, Nigel Stockwell (2005). Trusts and Equity The historic objection to equity was that it had no fixed rules of origin. From time to time a Lord Chancellor would decide a

Gillette case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gillette - Case Study Example Although Gillette was familiar with and held the patent of the coated stainless steel blades, Gillette was so slow in introducing the same due to its large market share for the uncoated blades at the time. The company was already generating massive revenues from its global market through its existing blades and therefore it Gillette did not foresee the long-term competition for the growing market taken to the coated stainless steel blades as the improved product. The implications for firms faced with making long-term investments in manufacturing and supply chain resources would be to first patent or at least by the licence for the product or services. The second option would be to invest heavily in products and services that would have the long-term appeal to the customers through constant product differentiation and modification (Ingrassia 170). It is not enough for Gillette to simply design a razor that gives the â€Å"best shave possible†. This is because come consumers may have certain preferences and evaluation criteria that may not correspond to Gillette’s specifications. When designing a razor, consumer interests come first and therefore the price tag should play a key role in design besides the quality of the razor. On the other hand, manufacturing help Gillette maintain its market share and profitability through continuous product innovation that ensures Gillette’s razors are at par with the latest design technologies like the production of disposable or double edged razors. During the development stages, it is essential to integrate the services of the operations and supply chains personnel. This is because in addition to connecting production manufacturing department to the consumers, they also convey invaluable information to the production department as regards consumer preferences due to th eir close association with the customers (Ingrassia

Biomedical Issues in Autism Speech or Presentation

Biomedical Issues in Autism - Speech or Presentation Example Of special interest is the toxicological perspective which is, to some extent, also related to environmental factors. One important aspect is the role of environmental toxicities that can initiate or aggravate autistic symptoms in predisposed individuals. Etiologically speaking, certain metabolic abnormalities have been blamed to play a central role towards development of autism. This is manifested by the increased incidence of inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal system noted in autistic children. Such metabolic differences have been investigated in various studies, and it has been suggested that it is highly likely that other metabolic inefficiencies of this type render autistic individuals unable to cope with toxicities prevailing in the immediate environment of such individuals. These disorders of metabolism, therefore, contribute towards the development of autism in individuals by limiting their ability to overcome the metabolic challenges posed by the environmental to xicities. A major toxicity that has been studied in this regard is the presence of excess amounts of mercury in the environment of those who develop this condition. Review of Current Literature Although mercury is considered to be present in trace amounts in our environment, there are points in the mercury cycle where its interaction with life forms becomes significant enough to be considered as a contributor of disease. Once it is converted into methylmercury, it becomes volatile and soluble enough to get bio-accumulated in food chains (Utah.Gov). Mercury has been identified to be a neuro-toxin, and causes defects in memory, cognitive thinking, language, visual ability, and motor skills. These manifestations are more marked in developing brains. Common sources of exposure to mercury include food (fish etc.), dental amalgam, batteries, coal, and medical products including vaccines. There have been heated debates about the link between mercury and autism, and it appears that the vast majority of studies which deny such linkage are carried out under the influence of those who have a vested interest in promoting the concept of mercury being safe for human consumption. The reason for this claim is the fact that sufficient evidence exists to support a link between the two (DeSoto and Robert 165). Studies conducted to evaluate the level of mercury in hair and nail samples of autistic individuals have also pointed out that mercury can possibly act as a causative or contributive factor. The level of mercury in these tissues is considerably higher in autistic individuals as compared to their healthy counterparts (Priya and Arumugam 148). The notion that altered metabolic processes contribute towards the pathogenesis of autism due to mercury poisoning has been supported by research work. Of considerable importance is the observation that adverse reactions and abnormal development in autistic individuals correlate closely to their exposure to vaccines containing mercury as their constituent element. Higher levels of mercury in autistic individuals may be attributed to a different or defective pattern of metabolism in these individuals (Majewska et al. 196). Studies designed to seek a relationship between elevated levels of mercury in blood and the presence of autism have found a positive

The Historical Influences in the Architectural Design of the Essay

The Historical Influences in the Architectural Design of the Westminster Abbey - Essay Example The exterior is as much remarkable as its interior. The dominant gothic architectural design - its towering pillars, towers and stained glass, takes its patrons and visitors back to the English medieval times. The prestige of Westminster Abbey’s architectural design cannot be separated from the historical events that moulded it to its present reputation. From the its foundation as an abbey by King Edward the Confessor in 1052 to its glory days as a gothic church under the initiative of King Henry III in 1245, Westminster Abbey owes its existence to the religious passion of its patrons. Given the context, this paper focuses on the historical events that led to the key developments of what is the Westminster Abbey today. By expounding on the topic, a historical methodology could not only give light to the origins of the church, but it could also relate historical context with architectural design and style. This paper is thus intended to explain Westminster Abbey’s rich a rchitectural history. The utilization of secondary sources such as books and journal articles, together with ample photo documentation, are used in order to accomplish this paper’s purpose. ... It then tackles the entrance of the 12th century and the important contributions of King Henry III to the creation of a magnificent gothic church at England’s capital. The second portion deals with the church’s architecture. An analysis of the exterior and interior aspects of Westminster Abbey is conducted by streamlining the various designs and styles, which produced the outcome. Such analysis is then related to the historical context of the church’s formative years in order to produce a conclusive account of architectural history. The Abbey in its Formative Years in the 11th and 12th Century The 11th century was included in the 3-century span of the Central Middle Ages, from 1000-1300, where the disintegration of the strong Roman Empire was realized in the Early Middle Ages. During that century, a direct by-product of the previous years caused the apparent struggle between the Holy Roman Empire and the Papacy in Rome, not to mention the autonomy instituted by t he Eastern Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire (Bennett and Hollister, xv & 266). On a political standpoint, it was clear that religious strife that would establish dominance over Europe was as important as the clash of kingdoms and empires. As religious monarchy flourished in the name of the propagation of a certain religious denomination, independent nation states began to emerge as well. England was well underway in line with a monarchical leadership. The sacred monarchy carried by religious kingdoms in the Early Middle Ages evolved into a bureaucratic monarchy in the Central Middle Ages. Royal administration with a systematic distribution of powers was the one that England had adopted in the 11th century (Bennett and Hollister, 266). Though a secular state, the influence of the church

CHAPTER 8 DISCUSSION EXERCISE- THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION HEALTHY Assignment

CHAPTER 8 DISCUSSION EXERCISE- THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION HEALTHY WORKPLACES MODEL - Assignment Example In this context, a healthy workplace is an environment filled with sustainable strategies and resources meant to create and maintain suitable levels of physical, emotional and psychological well-being among the workforce. One of the key underlying principles of WHO workplace health model is leadership involvement. In addressing health issues within a workplace, leaders and managers should be at the forefront. Primarily, subordinate employees work under strict directions provided by leaders. Actually, subordinate employees have limited influence in the formulation and structuring of workplace practices (World Health Organization 21). Contrarily, leaders have the freedom and permission to integrate health objectives in workplace practices. Besides leadership involvement, another paramount core principle in the model is sustainable representation of workers. Technically, employees possess practical knowledge on the depth and breadth of health challenges within their respective workstations. In this case, democratic representation of workers in decision making and policy formulation will enhance the representativeness of healthy workplace practices (World Health Organization 21). Personally, I would inco rporate both principles of leadership engagement, and sustainable representativeness in my future workplace. As a participant in strategies of improving workers’ health, I would actively engage in awareness campaigns, especially charity runs and related community outreach programs. Undeniably, the first step in addressing health problems within a workplace is awareness creation. Most workers and community members may be oblivious of unhealthy workplace practices. In this case, awareness campaigns will not only highlight the presence of undesirable workplace practices, but also elaborate on the probable impacts of those practices. In this context, I would participate in the planning and staging of awareness marathons, and offer any

Life Words Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Life Words - Essay Example In a sense, people create their own realities which are objective as far as the self is concerned. Given the argument that there is no single reality, it is then quite unreasonable for the society to adopt a universal principle – as in the case of beauty. Yet no matter what the argument is, the question would always go back to the importance of beauty itself in the society. Perhaps, it is rooted to the fact that it is in man’s instinct to dwell into pleasure – and the concept of beauty itself draws pleasure. But then again, whose pleasure has to be satisfied? Is it the person possessing the attribute or the one perceiving it from the outside? Perhaps, it works both ways such that what actually gives delight to a person possessing the attribute is being recognized by the other as beautiful. The one who is looking finds beauty desirable while the one who possess beauty wants to be desired. This is how the society works. Unfortunately, someone would always follow so meone else’s standard – and this standard becomes the society’s reality. Nonetheless, if the society would adopt the belief exemplified by the old adage, given that its meaning has been justified by the idea of varying realities, then people would take delight of their own self rather than of the perceptions of others towards them. If this happens, standards set by the society will be broken as people will be beautiful in their own ways. Having established the essence of the phrase, it is now worthwhile to set the argument on why it should be adopted. First, the concept of beauty – at least, in the modern times – is not necessarily a product of shared cultural beliefs and perceptions but of mass media. In today’s society, the concept of beauty is largely influenced by the mass media which dictate people’s standards that are readily accepted without giving a second thought. The media becomes the standard such that it identifies those w ho are blessed with beauty and those who are not. It is actually absurd that it tends to contradict even the nature of humans itself. Products that promise flawless skin, for instance, came only after people are born with genetically acquired freckles – something which is not supposed to be a big deal as it is natural. But then again, just because these products emerge in the market, freckled individuals, are now consider not beautiful. Needless to say, while people struggle to meet the so-called requirements of being beautiful, the big industry makes profits. The second argument is that the notion of beauty being portrayed seems to encompass only the physical attributes of a person. As such, beauty has become superficial. To a large extent, it degrades the essence of being human. Physical appearance is something that people are born with; hence, it does not reflect anything about them – it is merely a product of nature. It is the character and the abilities that refle ct the kind of person someone is. More than anything, a person who aims to be desirable should prove that he or she is more than just a pretty face. While the society remains to be blinded by superficial standards, the physical appearance does not define a person. In relation to the previous argument, another issue is that the concept of beauty leads to false assumptions. Ideally, someone who possesses beauty is assumed to be good in whatever ways. Yet this issue has been settled that physical appearan

Health economic evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Health economic evaluation - Essay Example The study is given in two sections, appendix A and appendix. Appendix A calculates the cost for a period of 13 weeks and appendix B, the costs incurred for one year. Only patients with baseline anaemia below 11 hg/dl were included in the study. The patients were administered darbepoetin alfa through one arm and r-HuEPO through the other. The dosage of the drugs was as follows. R-HuEPO was administered three times per week and darbepoetin alfa was administered once a week. When calculated for a whole week, the total cost of the drugs remained the same because even though darbepoetin alfa was costlier, its lower dosage helped it to equate its costs with the higher dosage r-HuEPO. The alternative treatment shown is RBC transfusion, though the paper itself suggests that such transfusions are only a temporary measure. The treatment of anaemia using the above two drugs have a long range effect in control of anaemia and hence it can be said that an effective alternative treatment in not included in the study. The above two drugs belong to the class of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), and at present no other alternative treatments apart from this are currently available in allopathy for treating chemotherapy induced anaemia. â€Å"The search goes on for orally active antianemic therapies, and several strategies are being investigated, although none is imminently available.† (Macdougall). Other alternatives like nutritional supplements like iron are not included in the study probably due to the fact that enough clinically proven studies are not available to warrant its inclusion. Since blood transfusion is not comparable in result with the above men tioned treatment and since no other alternatives were studied, it can be said that no alternative systems of treatment were included in this paper. The study does cost analysis of treatment using the above mentioned drugs and states that darbepoetin alfa is cheaper in the long run,

English Dominance Essay Example for Free

English Dominance Essay English is one of the most spoken languages in the world. Globally around 380 million people speak English as their first language, 250 million use it as their second language, and 1 billion are in the process of learning it and about one third of the global population are affected by it one way or the other. By the year 2050 it is forecasted that around a half of the world will be able to communicate properly in English. (Pennycook A. 1994) English is on its way to become a dominant global language. The language has developed to become the language of use in international trade, international science conferences, and global politics. The predominant usage of English has gone further to affect international and regional organizations such as World Bank, European Union, and other multinational companies. (Brutt-Griffler, J. 2002) English dominance originated from political suppression and economical manipulation by Britain and United States. Some policies of international organization such as World Bank have served to propagate the dominance of English in developing countries (Keal, P 1983). However, the most important factor that has led English to become such a globally spoken language is the emergence of United States of America as a ‘world super power’ a nation that uses English as its major language of communication. (Brutt-Griffler, J. 2002). Since the United States and Britain dominate in the international organizations such as World Bank, World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations (UN), World Trade Organization (WTO) and so on, this has influenced such worldwide entities to use English as a major language of communication. ((Brutt-Griffler, J. 2002) The use of English as the dominant language in these organizations has generated enormous benefits especially in the ease of operation. However it has not been smooth sailing has a myriad of controversies have continued to emerge because of the same dominance. (Keal, P 1983). â€Å"Linguistic dominance has its origins in conquest, military and political subjugation, and economic exploitation. The role of language in imperial expansion has been a central element of the europeanisation of the world† (Robert P) This view has continued to emerge in many forums where most nations (especially the non-English speaking) have constantly objected to the dominance of English because it has been seen as a way of â€Å"Europeanizing† others. (Robert P) The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze both the benefits and costs with the purpose of establishing the direction the organizations are likely to take in this thorny and controversial issue. Benefits of English language in International organizations Communication This is perhaps the greatest benefit that the domination of English has brought to almost all world bodies. Having one language as a â€Å"lingua franca† facilitates or breaks down the communication barriers. (Gary C) Members of such bodies like the United Nation, the World Bank are able to communicate easily despite the fact that they come from different countries and cultural backgrounds. In fact most delegates of European Union and common wealth are able to speak English as their second language. What this means is that a Chinese is able to communicate effectively with a German national despite their cultural differences. (Edwards, J 1985). Because of globalization, there has come a need for faster communication tools and processes. Internet has played a significant role in speeding up the globalization phenomena because it is very fast and inexpensive. (UNESCO) The language that has dominated most of the Internet use is English slated at approximately 80% usage on the websites. This has enabled most of the international organization’s develop communication channels via the Internet that eases the mode and the cost of communication. The organizations have been able to implement most of their programs within specified period across the globe. (UNESCO) Up to 700,000,000 people speak English language across the globe, what this means is that almost all countries of the world have a sizeable number of people who are able to communicate in English. This makes it easier for the International organizations to operate and find employees in the respective countries, thereby lowering their payroll budgets because they do not have to employ expatriates who are normally very expensive to retain. A good example is the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) that is located in Kenya, Africa. The local citizens here speak English as the second language, and are competent in its use. (Martinez Cobo 1984). The organization has not had any problem in recruiting locally thereby saving a lot in the payroll budget. Fostering global peace The ability of many United Nations mediators to communicate in English coupled with the increased usage of English in many states of the world has enabled conflicts that arise between various states to be solved efficiently. In addition, many English speaking nations especially the members of the Common Wealth are able to establish strong diplomatic relationships with ease since language has not been a barrier. (Maurais J. Morris, M. A. 2003) Facilitating international business English as an international business language has facilitated commercial transactions among the member states of European Union, Common Wealth, and Association Of South East Asian Countries. This is more evident in the software market whereby many soft wares have been produced in English language. (Rudby, R. Saraceni, M. 2006) A good example of a country that can attest to the advantages of knowing how to speak in English is India. It has reaped enormous benefits in the global market from its citizen’s competence on spoken English. According to Rudby and Saraceni this has prompted nations like China to encourage its citizens to learn English language. Currently China has the largest number of people studying English and has made English compulsory from third grade. (Rudby, R. Saraceni, M. 2006) Sharing of information and ideas It is a requirement for scientists from different parts of the world to publish their findings in English language and thereby enabling any English speakers to be able to access a wide range of information from various experts and from different part of then world. Some scientists are also able to use these published reports as valuable inputs to their researches. Empowers the United Nations to address various problems in the world Enhanced communication resulting from the common usage of English by many countries of united nation has enabled such countries to put across their valuable contribution in solving current global issues like terrorism, famine and diseases. (Rudby R. Saraceni, M. 2006) Pre- dominance of English in Common Wealth countries enable the member countries to adopt policies geared towards ensuring efficient delivery of aid and other humanitarian services across the globe. (Rudby R. Saraceni, M. 2006) Negative effects of English dominance It has contributed to conflicts in the European Union Having a single language seems to be the most ideal and efficient solutions for the European Union but many members who do not come from Anglophone communities find such arrangement unacceptable. Current the language policy in the European Union grants every language an equal status whereby any language can be used to conduct meetings and translations are provided for other language speakers. (Robert P) However there is a provision to the extent that â€Å"the institution especially the preparatory committee of European Union may stipulate in their own rules of procedure which of the language to be used in each specific cases. † (Robert P) This has served to encourage some languages to become more dominant than others especially English which is frequently chosen in such situations. This has led members of major language speakers like French and German to fiercely protest fearing that their international status of their languages may be lowered. (Martinez Cobo 1984). There is also a growing concern among the non -English members of the European Union that English dominance is crossing over the boundaries of international organization to entrench itself to education and other sectors of the other countries. (Mary K. Flynn). Germany has been the most affected whereby English has became a general subject in primary schools of many states and has grown into official language of many companies and firms together with Germany. This has consequently resulted to a diminished status of the German language and criticism that imposing English as the first language to all pupils is against the concept of promoting cultural diversity in them. (Mary K. Flynn).

The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Labelling Theory

The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Labelling Theory Labelling theory and its theorists focus on the groups and/or individuals who were deemed to be criminal and labelled thus by society. Labelling theorists studied the various interactions between the criminal groups and individuals and the conformist society. Labeling theory was quite popular in the 1960s and early 1970s, but then fell into decline-partly as a result of the mixed results of empirical research. This essay will go on to show the origins of labelling theory, the theory itself and will show its strengths and weaknesses using various case-studies and examples. Tannenbaum (1938) is widely regarded as the first labelling theorist. His main concept was the dramatization of evil. He stated that if a person is described as being a criminal then he automatically becomes one. Erwin Lamert (1951) founded the societal Reaction theory. This theory is widely credited to be the forerunner of the present day labelling theory. His theory basically states that a person experiences social deviance in two phases. The first phase is known as the Primary deviance phase. The second is known as the Secondary deviance phase. According to Lemert, the primary deviance phase begins with a criminal act. He or she is then labelled criminal but has yet to accept the label. The main point of view is whether he or she has accepted the criminal label. If the person views themselves as a criminal then the secondary deviant phase has begun. The object of whether a person views himself or herself as a criminal is what differentiates between the primary and secondary devian t phases. Lemert states that there are exceptions and people continue to stay in the primary phase, an example would be someone who rationalizes that the so called criminal act is legal as it is necessary for them to survive and earn money (an exotic dancer would be an example). The secondary deviance phase usually begins when a person has accepted the criminal label. They then accept themselves as being criminal as use it to counter (either by moving with similar peer groups or by other means) societys reaction to the initial act. Howard Becker (1963) is held to be the architect of the modern labelling theory. He is also responsible for coining the term moral entrepreneur which is a term used to describe law making officials who get certain criminal behaviour illegal. Becker proposed that criminal behaviour is dynamic in nature and changes throughout time. He therefore suggested that the actual act is impertinent to the theory. What matters was the type of people going through the criminal justice system. Therefore Becker says that personal motives and the influence by society has nothing to do with criminal behaviour. This is the most debated part of the labelling theory brought about by him. Becker pays particular attention to how people and society react and operate with others who have the criminal label. He mentions that once a person has the label of criminal associated with him or her; it becomes stuck with them and acts as a constant label. This effect is so profound that Becker states that individuals with this label begin to be associated with the word criminal. All their other associations and labels such as that of parent, employee, and so on take a back seat. It becomes so extreme that it becomes their one and only status. Foster et al, 1972 say that in certain unique cases, the label of criminal may force an individual to integrate back into society and try and try and show them that the criminal act he or she committed was a mistake and will not happen again (cited in Labelling theory). Although in most cases secondary deviance will be accomplished in which the person accepts the label of criminal and begins to associate with similarly branded people, losing contact with friends who conform to societies rules (Becker, 1963 cited in Labelling Theory). It has occurred only when both the society and individual consider him or her to be a criminal or a deviant. Labelling theory however has many inherent drawbacks. Firstly, according to Wellford (1975) the theory states that no acts are inherently criminal, and states that acts are only criminal when society considers them to be so. There are clearly some acts considered wrong in almost all the societies and nations in the world, murder, arson are a few such examples (cited in labelling theory). Secondly is the process of self-labelling. Hagen (1973) brings about the concept of self-labelling, in which he states the example of a murderer who has avoided all suspicion (the act is not criminal if no one is around to witness it or label him). He goes on to say that the murderer may have a conscience which will cause him to label himself or herself as a murderer. This goes against the labelling theory, which states that labelling must come from a third party. Thirdly, labelling theory is supposed to cover all criminal activity and has an effect on everyone irrespective of their race, social clas s, sex and age (Becker, 1963). Other criminologists have been doubtful of this part of the theory and hold that a persons race, social class and so on do have an effect. They mention that the above mentioned factors can either enhance or mitigate the effects of labelling theory. There is however no scientific study on the effects of the above factors. Marshall and Purdy (1972) stated that the studies conducted reflected actual behavioural differences that were reacted to differently by different people. Fourthly, it matters on who the audience is comprised of, as the level of denouncement an individual feels depends on the audiences reaction to the act. As the labelling theory states, the first is the audience learning about the act that is considered criminal and not the act itself. As it has already been explained, if the audience doesnt know about it then it is not a crime. Different audiences may have different reactions to a crime and thus the punishment and the labelling will vary even though the same crime is being committed. The last drawback of the labelling theory is that the personality of the individual matters. This can cause problems. The level of stigmatization an individual gets varies on whether or not he cares about his label. Studies have come across certain individuals that have personality traits which makes them resistant to the labels conferred on them by society. The biggest drawback one may say that affects labelling theory is that it has not yet been empirically validated. Some studies found that being officially labeled a criminal (e.g. arrested or convicted) increased subsequent crime, while other studies did not. Although there are many studies that validate it, there are none that can offer significant data in its support. Labelling also involves both a wrong or deviant act and a deviant person. There are however several things that are wrong with the drawbacks. The first one mentions that murder, arson and so on are all criminal in most of the nations and societies. That is not a drawback but merely a statement of facts. It merely states what society currently thinks. In the future the mindset of society may change and acts that were previously considered to be criminal may be legalised. History has shown that society has and will change to accept criminal behaviour or to make legal behaviour illegal. An example would be that of homosexuality. In the early times, it was illegal. Now it is legal. The smoking of marijuana is another example, although it is illegal in most of the societies and nations it is now slowly being tolerated in some and even being legalised in others. One of the other drawbacks also mentions the aspect of self-labelling. But as mentioned before, the individual or group may seek to rationalize their behaviour, thus avoiding the prospect of self labelli ng. An example would be a person stealing to satisfy his hunger. He would not label himself as a criminal as it was a necessary for him to do so. Thus most of the drawbacks can be explained. Lemert (1967) brought out the connection between social reaction and deviance through his studies and research of a number of Indian tribes in British Columbia. He noticed that in some tribes, stuttering occurred among their members and their language mentioned stuttering. Other tribes however had no mention of stuttering in their language and had no members of their tribes stuttering. Lemert could not establish a clear reason as to why that was so. He then went on to find that tribe that had stuttering, placed a very high meaning and emphasis on storytelling and oratory skills. Children of those tribes that placed a very high emphasis on storytelling were often brought up in a culture that placed a high value on not stuttering and having good oratory skills. Those that were not able to conform to the rest of the tribe i.e. had bad storytelling and oratory skills were mocked. Lemert concluded that the pressure placed on the members of the tribe to have good skills and the subsequent mockery and social exclusion if they didnt posses the oratory skills led to the development of stuttering. He said that in tribes where good oratory skills were not expected, there was no negative reaction and hence there was no deviance of the above type. He thus said that such type of labelling leads to more deviant behaviour. Thomas Scheff (1966) published Being Mentally Ill, was the first instance of labelling theory being applied to the term of Mentally Ill. Scheff said that mental ill was the product of societal influence, going against the common perceptions of the time. When society finds some act criminal or deviant, they usually place the term of Mental Illness on those who show that behaviour so that society can understand the reason for the behaviour and come to terms with it. According to him, society then places certain behavioural expectations on the individual and the individual subconsciously changes his behaviour to suit the expectations of society. He said that there are no different types of the mentally ill with just one type who conform to what society has labelled them to be. Walter Grove on the other hand was vehemently opposed to the theory proposed by Thomas Scheff. Grove argued the opposite point. He said that labelling theory and the mentally ill have no influence on one another. He said that people are said to be mentally ill, when they display behaviour that makes them to be so. Grove said that society has no influence whatsoever on mental illness. He said that due to their illness, they behave differently most of the time and are hence treated as such. There have been studies to show how after being diagnosed with a mental illness labelling has taken an effect, such as not being offered houses and jobs, but there is very little to show that labelling was the cause of mental illness in the first place. Thus we can say that labelling does have a profound effect but has yet to be shown that it was labelling that caused the illness in the first place. Labelling can have different aspects as well. An example would be drugs. Marijuana for example is tolerated in Amsterdam and is legal in other parts of the world (Mexico allows four grams for personal use). In those societies, soft drugs and their users are accepted and are not labelled as deviant or criminal. In these societies we see limited drug use and little or no overdoses and or drug abuse. In other societies however, soft drugs are illegal and the people who use them are labelled as deviant. It is in these societies that the policing organisations have trouble controlling the abuse of drugs. This is due to the fact that people with low self esteem or a different/weak personality trait takes these drugs to show that they can handle it and want to rebel against society. Becker (1953) wrote in his book, the Marijuana user, that the drug does not produce any addiction and that it has no withdraw sickness or any sort of substance that makes the user crave for the drug. The most fr equent use would be recreational. He questioned fifty of those users and found that they did not have any pre-dispositional behaviour towards it. They would be able to smoke it at one time and at others, they wont be able to. Thus the quality of deviance does not reside in the behaviour itself, but is rather the outcome of responses to that behaviour by various social audiences (Tierney). The daily mail ran an article which stated that some people were more likely to smoke if they saw Smoking Kills on it. This was due to the fact the these people had low self esteem and by doing something that brings them close to the edge makes them feel like a rebel. Thus we see that labelling though introduced to help society and make it a better place can actually make it worse. This part of the labelling theory has many policy implications. Intervention may make things worse. Labelling theory supports the idea of radical non-interventionism, in which policy dictates that certain acts are decrim inalised and the removal of the social stigmata surrounding the acts. The effect of labelling theory on juvenile behaviour is a bit more pronounced and clear. Youths are especially vulnerable to labelling theory. Once they start to believe in their negative labels, self rejection occurs which plays a major role in the social rejection theory. This self rejection attitude leads to the rejection of the norms of society and gives them a motive to deviate from conventional values of society. They then form bonds with like minded deviant peers. These youths then go on to reject those that have labelled them and tend to set up their own criminal lifestyles consisting of criminal behaviour. In schools, those that come from a working class family or a lower class, the youth gangs are seen as trouble makers compared to the middle class gangs who are labelled as pranksters instead. Research has shown that many of the youth gangs who come from the lower class get arrested and are labelled further as criminals. Gouldner (1968) argued that labelling theorists made the individual look innocent by the application of labels by control agents such as the police and society. He pointed out that deviance was created entirely on the whims of authority. An example to this would be the issue of homosexuality. Early in the century, authorities labelled it criminal and illegal. Those that were caught were persecuted as such. But now, homosexuality is an accepted fact in society and there are little or fewer stigmas and or labelling attached to it. Thus as shown in the above essay, labelling theory has many strengths and weaknesses. Those are, no acts are inherently criminal, there can be a process of self-labelling, it covers or is supposed to cover all criminal activity, depends on the members of the society or those that do the labelling and finally it depends on the personality of the individual. However, there are already inherent drawbacks with the drawbacks given by various individual sociologists. Those are that society changes, and so does labelling. Individuals can rationalize their deviant behaviour. In spite of these, the major drawback of the labelling theory is the lack of empirical data to support it. We can thus conclude that labelling theory does have an effect, but is not the primary cause for most of the acts committed.

Hospital Care :: essays research papers

Critical Care Hospital - Case Study _ Incident for Discussion: Critical Care Hospital Critical Care Hospital has planned to purchase a CATSCAN within the next six months. Though not mentioned in the text, the cost of the equipment will be at least several hundred thousand dollars, and could even exceed one million dollars. Additionally, major renovations are required to the radiology department where the equipment will be housed. Unfortunately, the construction project cannot be started until the machine is in place, which will be five months from now. The Project Manager ("PM") feels that she may be able to expedite the construction schedule by utilizing a resource allocation version of the Critical Path Method ("CPM"). Getting the machine up and running is of great interest to the hospital, as revenues generated by the CATSCAN are projected to be in the range of $25,000 per monthAccording to the text, the project is slated to have a duration of twelve months. The waiting time for the CATSCAN is five months. This leaves the PM eight months to accomplish her goal. Given that the equipment is arriving simultaneously with the onset of the construction project, I would suggest a combination of a heuristic approach using an "As Late As Possible" ("ALAP") prioritization with a fast-track approach to the actual constructionThe reason for the ALAP approach is the five-month delay prior to the equipment being delivered. Holding off on allocating resources during this slow period should, in theory, allow the PM to reserve monetary resources for the Crash period. I would imagine that part-time allocation of administrative support, to solicit construction bids, generate reports and management approval requests along with full-time PM participation would be sufficient. The PM during this time will be working with hospital management to generate a detailed project plan and Scope of Work. Several critical elements come into play in this situation. For example, two relocations of the existing radiology department, or at least the area that will house the CATSCAN will be required during the construction period. The first will be for the purpose of clearing the required space for the new CATSCAN area, including construction corridors, to a temporary location. Then, after the equipment is installed and renovations complete on this area, the rest of the department will need to be renovated as well. This aspect of the project will require extensive coordination with other departments within the hospital. This includes administrative staff, medical personnel, suppliers (pick-ups and deliveries), janitorial staff, and primarily the radiology staff itself. During the first five months of the project I would suspect that this coordination and planning alone would consume 50% of the PM's time.

Testing in Educational Facilities Essay -- Learning Test Tests Argumen

Testing in Educational Facilities A puddle of saliva covers my book as I wake up to the buzzing of my alarm. Oh no! My head was heavy and waking up was not something I wanted to do, especially when I realized that I fell asleep while I was studying for my chemistry test. I had fifteen minutes to get ready for school. At that point showering was not going to be my priority. I had fifteen minutes to memorize as much information as I possibly could. But I knew it wasn’t going to be easy, in fact, merely impossible. So, I threw on my clothes, grabbed a piece of gum, and tossed my books into my bag. Today was not going to be a good day. Since the day we are born we are watched. We are observed, then analyzed, and then soon tested. All of these things are simply done for our own good. They are there to make sure that we, as children, are off on the right start. But, at what age does it turn bad? When testing gives us the wrong ideas about competitiveness, when testing is used to compare us to others, and when testing puts unnecessary pressures and stress on us, it is no longer good as a whole. Because of these reasons, and many more, testing in educational facilities is detrimental to the learning process. On the opposing side, testing is not looked upon to be detrimental to the learning process. Some even consider it to be crucial to learning. Testing is often considered to be used simply as a measure of progress throughout the progression of learning. Some people view testing and grading as a motivation to allow students to strive to be the best and push to be better than those around them. Some people even believe that testing and grading is an important tool to prepare some students for the real world. S... ...ntage of there education is a gift. And with this gift I want to make it a celebration. Every student in America should no longer have to worry about there academic standing but rather there intellect and intelligent piece of mind. Learning has gotten to the point where it no longer is encouraging but rather discouraging. And I am no longer going to just sit around and watch it happen. I was once part of it, and I will not be part of letting it go on. Learning is an important factor of this world, and if we wont settle for bad grades, then why should be settle for bad learning habits. Works Cited Hillocks, Jr, George. The Testing Trap: How Assessments Control Learning. New York, NY, 2002 Henning-Stout, Mary. Responsive Assessment. San Francisco, CA,1994 Gellman, Estelle. School Testing: What Parents and Educators Need to Know.Westport, CT 1995

Depletion Of The Ozone Layer :: essays research papers

The ozone layer diminishes more each year. As the area of polar ozone depletion (commonly called the ozone hole) gets larger, additional ultraviolet rays are allowed to pass through. These rays cause cancer, cataracts, and lowered immunity to diseases.1 What causes the depletion of the ozone layer? In 1970, Crutzen first showed that nitrogen oxides produced by decaying nitrous oxide from soil-borne microbes react catalytically with ozone hastening its depletion. His findings started research on "global biogeochemical cycles" as well as the effects of supersonic transport aircraft that release nitrogen oxide into the stratosphere.2 In 1974, Molina and Rowland found that human-made chlorofluorocarbons used for making foam, cleaning fluids, refrigerants, and repellents transform into ozone-depleting agents.3 Chlorofluorocarbons stay in the atmosphere for several decades due to their long tropospheric lifetimes. These compounds are carried into the stratosphere where they undergo hundreds of catalytic cycles with ozone.4 They are broken down into chlorine atoms by ultraviolet radiation.5 Chlorine acts as the catalyst for breaking down atomic oxygen and molecular ozone into two molecules of molecular oxygen. The basic set of reactions that involve this process are: Cl + O3 -->ClO + O2 and ClO + O -->Cl + O2 The net result: O3 + O -->2O2 Chlorine is initially removed in the first equation by the reaction with ozone to form chlorine monoxide. Then it is regenerated through the reaction with monatomic oxygen in the second equation. The net result of the two reactions is the depletion of ozone and atomic oxygen.6 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, and methyl bromide are a few of the ozone depletion substances (ODS) that break down ozone under intense ultraviolet light. The bromine and fluorine in these chemicals act as catalysts, reforming ozone (O3) molecules and monatomic oxygen into molecular oxygen (O2). In volcanic eruptions, the sulfate aerosols released are a natural cause of ozone depletion. The hydrolysis of N2O5 on sulfate aerosols, coupled with the reaction with chlorine in HCl, ClO, ClONO2 and bromine compounds, causes the breakdown of ozone. The sulfate aerosols cause chemical reactions in addition to chlorine and bromine reactions on stratospheric clouds that destroy the ozone.8 Some ozone depletion is due to volcanic eruptions. Analysis of the El Chichon volcanic eruption in 1983 found ozone destruction in areas of higher aerosol concentration (Hofmann and Solomon, "Ozone Destruction through Heterogeneous Chemistry Following the Eruption of El Chichon"). They deduced that the "aerosol particles act as a base for multiphase reactions leading

Going Abroad Essay

When I was a junior student in high school, I got a chance to travel to Canada for a month. This trip was so unforgettable and also interfered with my study later on. The city I went to is Vancouver. This place is an easy and comfortable place to live. The weather is as warm as spring. I left my parents and lived alone for the first time. I lived with a local homestay. They were very kind to me, and the hostess was so warm that we still have contact right now. Once I got there, they went to the airport to meet me, and they hold up a board. The board said welcome to Canada in Chinese! I was greatly touched. During that month, I took the class with other students who came from other high school in China. There were four teachers who came from Canada local high school, taught us about Canada’s history, government, custom and took care of us at school. During the class, we also discussed the difference and similar between China and Canada. I noticed that I should to come out of th e country and see the whole world. We also had a principle took care of the whole team. The team just liked a mini school. After class, the teachers and principle became the tourist guides. They led us to visit the whole city. I had been to downtown to do some shopping, went camping and surfing as well. The most interested thing was the three-day camping. I never tried that kind of outdoor activity before, so I was so excited the day before we leave the homestay. The hostess helped me prepared my equipment and exhorted everything that I need to pay attention. On that day, the party set out towards to the destination, the Greentree Park. After two hours driving, finally we got there. The area of camping was opening ground with plenty of pine trees. It should have a lot of oxygen around us. After rest for a while, I started to pitch a tent. Before I went out, the teacher already taught me how to put up, but I never did it before. When I got the materials and the direction, I began to build it, and of cause this was hard to finish by myself, so I ask my friend, Mary for help. We spent an immense amount of energy, and the tent was been built finally. At that night, I slept in the tent, and through scuttle, I could see the sky was studded with twinkling stars. The sky was so beautiful and peaceful. I also could hear someone singing outside and voice was so sweet. It should be the most perfect scene I have seem. Rest of the day, I spent times with friend, draw a picture of what I had seem, and barbecued a lot of chicken for dinner. It was so much fun in those days. After this trip, I always mention it in my experiment when I talked to people. I am so glad that I can have this chance that can open my outlook. I can know more about the other country and accept different cultures. That can make me more confident and more vivacious.

Why did Harold Wilson win the 1964 Election

In 1951 Winston Churchill's Conservative party, won the general election, and this would be the start of 13 years of Conservative rule spanning three prime ministers. This rule was ended in 1964 by Harold Wilson’s reunited Labour party. In this essay, I will look at the factors which led to the Labour victory.Whilst in power the Conservative government made many mistakes, a key example of a Conservative mistake would be the 1957 Suez crisis in Egypt, when its leader (Nasser) wanted to nationalise the Suez Canal, an important trade route from Northern Africa and Middle East for France and Great Britain, which would force any ships using it to pay large taxes. This led to Sir Anthony Eden having to take military action to secure the canal, and stop the nationalisation.However he could not just invade the Suez Canal, so instead he hatched up a plan with France and Israel secretly. This plan involved Israel invading parts of egypt and France and Great Britain acting as peace keepe rs, securing the Canal for themselves. The plan went off militarily perfect and the Canal was secured. However, Great Britain did this without the consent of the US and UN.The US, perhaps seeing this as Imperialism, threaten to halt economic aid unless Eden was to withdraw his troops from Egypt, of which GB was reliant on, so reluctantly Eden was forced to remove his troops. Meaning a failure to stop the nationalisation of the Suez canal and leading Great Britain isolated on the world scale, and Anglo-American relations at a low. It was now clear that GB was no longer a dominant power in the world, and could not do much without the support of the Americans and would have to stop its Imperialism.However it is likely that the crisis would have had a much less domestic impact, as the labour opposition were unable to capitalize on this Conservative failure without looking unpatriotic and Harold Macmillan was quickly able to mend Anglo-American relations in his time in power, leaving lit tle lasting effect. This realisation of the UK losing its world power status, however was accepted by Harold Macmillan, who is quoted saying â€Å"The dinosaur was the largest beast, but it was inefficient and therefore disappeared. The bee is efficient, but it is too small to have much influence.The British Empire was a dinosaur and didn't last. Britain's most useful role is somewhere between bee and dinosaur. ’’ This meant that Macmillan saw that Great Britain had to strike up a role powerful enough to have an influence, but know when to let things go and when to not get involved, it would no longer have to play the role of world policeman like it did in times of empire. This was a success of the Conservative government in acknowledging this and Macmillan viewed it as a defeat, but one from which the country could learn from like Dunkirk in 1940.Britain did learn from this, as it reduced its defence budget (which was 10% of its GDP), one significantly higher than ot her similar european countries and pushed towards decolonisation of its empire. Another key mistake of the Conservative government was its abuse of the economy, resulting in stop go economics which is expanding economy with low interest rates and rising consumer spending meaning the economy overheats with wages and imports exceeding productivity and exports meaning the economy has to go through a ‘’stop’’ phase or need for slowing down or deflation through higher interest rates and spending cuts.This lead to investors being unsure on what the economy would do, and therefore did not invest as much as other more stable economies and therefore Britain economic growth being much lower than countries like Japan, Germany and France that had only years before been devastated by World War II.This stop-go economics was caused by the government not being able to decide on a budget, and them being too often used as short term measures to buy votes in general election s, for example before elections the conservative government would reduce taxes and after they won the election, would be forced to raise them again and policy lagging behind events. This in the end led to the failure of the government to develop policies that encouraged consistently performing economies, resulting in ‘’Stagflation’’ meaning the economy felt both the impacts of industrial decline and inflation.This would have led to the people feeling worse off, and when it comes to elections, its not foreign policy that wins, its whether the government has made them richer or poorer than counts, and if it has made them poorer, it is unlikely that they will vote for that party again. Macmillian’s plan to improve the economy was to get Great Britain into the European Economic Community, or EEC, which would later become the European Union.This would make it easier to trade with Europe, increasing exports, something that was in deficit as at the time Br itain had a balance of payments issue, exporting much less than imported. This could have worked, but Macmillian failed to get entry into the EEC because France’s President De Gaulle vetoed against GB’s entry, because he felt that it would be an awkward member, and that it already had strong ties to America and the Commonwealth, and did not want them getting involved in his EEC.However it is also argued that De Gaulle vetoed against GB because he was still spiteful of the jokes made to him by British and American Generals during World War II and the occupation of France by the Nazis. In the end, this failure to gain entry, meant that Macmillians one stop pill for curing the economy was scraped and GBs balance of payments issue was not resolved. This was criticized a lot by the labour opposition, and faith in Macmillian was decreasing both in his party and the public, meaning it was likely this lead to increased numbers of labour voters.The 60s were a much more liberal decade than the 50s and a lot of the people we starting to get more left wing in their political views. Events such as the Ally Pally Potheads Rally and emergence of Hippy culture and the cultural revolution showcased this shift in beliefs. The Labour party were able to take advantage of this shifting in the spectrum, by having Roy Jenkins promise to make society much more ‘’Civil’’ by removing the death penalty, legalizing abortion and homosexuality over the age of 21 and reducing media censorship.This would have gained a lot of the younger voters and showed that the Labour Party was able to keep up with this revolution in the British culture, unlike the Conservative Party which was unable to fully understand why scandals such as the Profumo Affair and Vassal Spy Scandal were so interesting to the media and general public, leaving the conservatives looking out of touch and out dated. The Labour party was also much stronger in 1964 than it was in previouse lections. Harold Wilson was a much stronger leader than Gaitskell, and a more skilled campaigner. The split between the party of Bevanites and the Gaitskellites ,which once meant that Labour had many conflicts in ideology and therefore policies in earlier elections which caused weakness post atlee, was reduced giving the Labour party clearer directions for the future and more direct policies to vote on.This meant that the Labour party had a much better chance for winning the election than previous ones, regardless of the conservative mistakes. In conclusion, It could be argued that ‘’thirteen years of conservative misrule’’ was a factor in the Labour victory, especially since the conservatives failed at optimising the economy and dealing the the balance of payments issue and inflation, which lead the people to feel worse off, and it is how well off the people feel under a government that decides elections.But the labour party were not able to capitalize on other failures such as the Suez Crisis meaning the victory cannot all be blamed on the conservative misrule as the labour party were a much stronger and more focused opposition that was adapting to the times much better than the Conservatives this election, winning them the majority of the younger voters and therefore the election.

Elements of Art in the Reproduction of the “Blue Bird” Essay

Reproduction of the â€Å"Blue Bird† fresco, ca. 1700-1525 B.C. Watercolor on paper. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Line: For this assignment, I chose the Reproduction of the â€Å"Blue Bird† fresco. This is a very interesting piece. The very light, almost fragile lines, combined with the watercolor medium, give this piece a very delicate appearance. The watercolor medium allows much of the lightness of the paper underneath to reflect through the colors to give the painting an overall lustrous appearance. Most of these lines seem to bend and sway, creating movement toward the blue bird, making the bird itself the focal point of this piece. Color: While the painter did not seem interested in using a lot of different hues in this painting, it was painted with values ranging from pure white to medium values of grey. If you notice, the red hue used is much less saturated, making it a darker tone than the more saturated, more pure blue hue of the bird and the nearby f lowers. Texture: The overall physical texture of the painting, I imagine, is very smooth to the touch because it is a watercolor painting. However, texture can be simulated through the use of line as it was done here. The stylized, curving lines near the bottom of the painting indicate a rocky coastline. They imply texture. Texture doesn’t seem to be something that the painter was overly concerned with making part of their work. Shape: Many of the shapes surrounding the focal point are left implied. The painter seemed to want to keep the attention focused on the blue bird and thus, did not fill these shapes with color or detail. The shapes that were given full form were done so with curved, more organic lines rather than sharp, angular lines associated with more geometric shapes. Form: This painting takes the form of a fresco, as it was originally part of a large series of panels that covered a large wall. Since this is a watercolor painting rather than a sculpture, the forms are illusionistic. They cannot be viewed from all angles and have no actual measurable depth and volume. Space: Much like texture, Space does not appear to have been a major concern to the painter. The overlapping forms do indicate a progression of space; however, there is little else to create the illusion of depth.

Lost Worlds Essay

Some Americans remember where they came from; others don’t. That’s the case in Daniel Chacon’s story â€Å"The Biggest City in the World†. It is a story about Harvey Gomez who is a Mexican American young man whose grandparents migrated to the Unites States from Mexico. Harvey has only been to Mexico once in his entire life and neither of his parents has ever been there before. Therefore he doesn’t know anything about his native culture or language. In this story Harvey travels deep inside of Mexico for the first time with his Mexican history Professor David P. Rogstart and gets exposed to its culture and language. On the contrary, Carolina Hospital’s poem â€Å"Finding Home† is about Mexicans who were born in Mexico and later migrated to America. When Harvey arrives in Mexico he tries to distance himself from the country’s culture. In fact, shortly after he comes out of his hotel room the first place that he goes to is La Zona Rosa because â€Å"The expensive shops, Gucci, Polo, Yves St. Laurent, relaxed him because they reminded him of Beverly Hills† (Chacon 58). Harvey is going to places in Mexico that he is familiar with back in the United States and is not trying to explore his heritage. Perhaps this is because he doesn’t feel like he is a Mexican and that he is only an American. After all, he was born and raised in the United States by parents who have never been to Mexico themselves. Harvey eventually gets exposed to ancient Aztec monuments when he runs into Professor Rogstart who is viewing stone carvings. As Harvey decides to take a closer look at the stone carvings, he is seeing history of his heritage and begins to compare it. Gomez wondered how many Aztecs were scared into believing in their gods, like his father tried to make him believe in Jesus and the Virgin Mary† (Chacon 60). He starts thinking how the Aztecs were raised up into worshiping their gods in Mexico and how his father brought him up into believing in God in America. Harvey learns about the Spanish Conquest of Mexico and begins to ask Professor Rogstart questions. He gives him honest answers â€Å"Rogstart, feeling a professorial obligation, explained to Gomez the meaning of each panel, each symbol, giving such fine details† (Chacon 61). During the explanation, Harvey feels a sense of pride in his heritage. You can tell that Harvey now wants to learn more about his past; however, he is still struggling to accept his heritage. As Harvey continues his journey in Mexico, he repeatedly distances himself from the Mexicans. Harvey is reacting this way because he is attached to money. That will soon come to an end as Harvey himself loses all of his money. â€Å"He slipped his hand into his pocket for his roll of bills† (Chacon 63). After he realizes that he is broke, he starts to panic. Harvey’s immediate reaction is to find his money no matter what it takes, but when he does not find it, Harvey starts to feel the same way the Mexicans did when they begged him for money. This is the first time that he feels this way because he was raised in America where money is a major influence in life. When it looks like it will be the end of his journey in Mexico, he discovers it is beginning. Harvey enters a taxi and tells the driver â€Å"Take me to the Zona Rosa† (Chacon 65). During the ride, Harvey is relaxed and begins to feel like a Mexican deep in his heart. When it seems that he is going to continue his denial, he tells the driver â€Å"Take me to Chapultepec Park† (Chacon 66). The cab driver is surprised and Harvey laughs telling him that he wants to explore Mexico. Harvey finally ends the denial of his Mexican heritage and goes on to explore Mexico. The poem â€Å"Finding Home† written by Carolina Hospital tells the story of how Mexicans who come to America try to find their heritage in the United States. Like many who migrate to America, the immigrants miss their country and are concerned about losing their culture. In contrast to Harvey Gomez, this poem shows that many Mexicans in America appreciate their heritage. â€Å"I have travelled north again,/to these gray skies/and empty doorways,† (Hospital 101). This shows that they miss their native country and are concerned about forgetting their heritage. Perhaps Harvey’s grandparents thought the same thing when they first came to America from Mexico. Regardless of their arrival in America, they want to return to Mexico someday. â€Å"I must travel again soon† (Hospital 102). Despite leaving their ative land they have respect for Mexico and will visit again. After the experience that Harvey had in discovering his heritage, I am sure that he will visit Mexico again. Daniel Chacon is clearly making a statement that Mexican immigrants whose kids are born and raised in America forget their own culture. In the story Harvey Gomez is denying his heritage and was embarrassed at times to admit that he is Mexican. This is because he barely knows anything about Mexico and doesn’t even speak the language. Eventually Harvey accepts who he is and discovers his heritage throughout the story. I believe that Chacon wants to demonstrate how important it is for people to know where they come from and not to forget who they are. Carolina Hospital indicates that Mexican immigrants in America continue to appreciate their heritage. In her poem the Mexicans are not embarrassed to admit where they come from. The Mexicans embrace their heritage and plan on visiting Mexico. I believe that Hospital wants to demonstrate that Mexicans immigrants do appreciate their heritage. However the fact is that no matter where people come from they must appreciate their heritage.